Nutrient composition of plant-based fast-food meals and their omnivore counterparts: A cross-sectional analysis of e-menus.

OBJECTIVES: Fast food chains have introduced many plant-based meals to their menus. We aimed to compare the nutrient composition and allergenic content of plant-based (vegan or vegetarian) meals in fast food chains with their animal-based equivalents. METHODS: E-menus from 50 fast food chains across 5 countries (Australia, Canada, Poland, the UK, and the US) were analyzed. Data on meal type, weight, calories, macronutrients, sodium, fiber, and allergen presence were gathered. Plant-based meals were matched with meat counterparts, where the latter shared the same meal type, originated from the same country and chain, and showed a weight difference of less than 10%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: From n = 2455 records, n = 1868 unique meals were matched. Plant-based meals showed lower odds ratios (OR) for protein (OR, 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.14) and sodium (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90) and higher odds for carbohydrates (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.41-2.49), sugar (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.82), and fiber (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 3.60-6.63) compared with omnivorous meals, adjusted for country, meal type, and meal weight. Notably, plant-based and omnivorous meals were not associated with total caloric content. Separate analyses of vegetarian and vegan meals yielded similar results. Omnivorous meals more frequently contained allergens such as dairy, eggs, fish, shellfish, and mustard, whereas plant-based meals more likely contained allergens such as sesame, seeds, and nuts. CONCLUSIONS: Plant-based fast food meals were more likely to contain more carbohydrates, sugar, and fiber and less protein and sodium than their animal-based counterparts. These findings emphasize the importance of informed food choices in the fast food context.

Celebrities influence on rheumatic diseases interest: a Google Trends analysis.

Celebrity-related events have influenced public interest in diseases like cancer, but their impact on rheumatic diseases is poorly investigated. We aimed to investigate whether celebrity-related events may account for atypical interest among Google users in rheumatic diseases. We used Google Trends to generate the relative search volume of 24 adult rheumatic diseases. We visually analyzed global time trends and recorded all dates with unusual spikes of interest. Finally, we used the Google search engine to detect media news related to rheumatic disease that may explain the spikes. The majority of atypical spikes in global interest were attributable to celebrity-related events, such as diagnosis, flare, or death due to rheumatic disease. Examples include Venus Williams with Sjögren's syndrome, Lady Gaga with fibromyalgia, Selena Gomez with lupus, Phil Mickelson with psoriatic arthritis, and Ashton Kutcher with vasculitis. Celebrity-related events may have a substantial influence on global interest in rheumatic diseases among Google users. These findings suggest that leveraging the attention generated by celebrities can be a powerful tool in raising awareness and promoting research efforts for rheumatic diseases. Future studies could leverage Google Trends to gauge the influence of celebrity events or health campaigns on rheumatic disease awareness.

Popularity of Surgical and Pharmacological Obesity Treatment Methods Searched by Google Users: the Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Statistics in 2004-2022.

PURPOSE: Many individuals search for obesity treatment options on the Internet. We aimed to analyze the popularity of pharmacological and surgical obesity treatment methods searched by Google users. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used Google Trends to identify topics representing the following: recommended surgical methods (n = 9), recommended pharmacological methods (n = 10), and not recommended pharmacological methods (n = 34). The data was generated for 2004-2022 and 2020-2022. Relative search volume (RSV) was adjusted using "Gastric bypass surgery" as a benchmark. We analyzed the geographical and temporal trends of the topics. RESULTS: In 2004-2022, the topics representing recommended surgical methods numerically gained the most popularity among Google users, but in 2020-2022 the recommended drugs exceeded other obesity treatment methods. The most popular individual topics since 2004 were "flaxseed," "Spirulina," "Carnitine," "Bariatric surgery," and "Orlistat." The most dynamic increases of searches since 2004 were observed for "Sleeve gastrectomy," "Curcumin," "Psyllium," and "Bupropion/Naltrexon." Since 2018, topics representing GLP-1 analogs such as "Semaglutide" and "Saxenda" revealed exponential increases in RSV, causing that "Semaglutide" to become the fourth most popular topic in 2020-2022. CONCLUSIONS: Google users across the world were the most interested in topics representing bariatric surgery, but recently recommended drugs for the treatment of obesity gained the most attention. The most popular individual topics were dietary supplements with uncertain effects on weight loss.

Availability of CT, MRI, and endoscopy procedures for Polish individuals with morbid obesity: cross-sectional telephone survey study.

Purpose: The rise in morbid obesity presents diagnostic challenges in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopy. Research on the availability of these procedures for people with extreme obesity is limited. We aimed to analyse the accessibility of CT, MRI, and endoscopy procedures for people with extreme obesity in a significant sample of facilities serving in the Polish public healthcare system. Material and methods: A telephone-based survey was conducted on healthcare facilities offering CT, MRI, or endoscopy procedures, identified using the Polish National Health Fund (NFZ) API. A refined questionnaire was utilized after a pilot study to collect details on the equipment's weight and diameter capacities, among other parameters. Of the initial 312 facilities sampled, 195 were eligible and successfully contacted, representing 9.4% of the facilities offering the procedures in the NFZ database. Results: Of the 195 facilities, 86.4% of CT departments knew their scanner's maximum weight, 57.6% its diameter; 76.5% of MRI departments recognized their scanner's weight, and 59.2% its diameter, while 77.3% of endoscopy departments were aware of their maximum weight capacity. Approximately 28% of CT, 5% of MRI, and 39% of endoscopy departments could perform the procedure if the patient's weight was over 200 kg. Facilities knowledgeable about CT's maximum diameter and MRI's maximum weight often provided private CT/MRI services. Conclusions: A significant proportion of Polish facilities providing CT, MRI, and endoscopic examinations in the Polish public healthcare system were unaware of their equipment's weight and diameter limits. Merely 5% of the surveyed MRI facilities could potentially accommodate a patient weighing over 200 kg.

Hidden Hexavalent Chromium Ions with Subtle Structural Evolution in Near-Infrared Phosphors.

Cr-doped inorganic materials are pivotal in developing near-infrared optical materials; however, multivalent Cr ions and their respective distribution in the materials remain ambiguous. Herein, a series of Li(Sc1-xInx)O2:Cr phosphors containing both Cr3+/Cr6+ ions are prepared. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals two similar phases in Li(Sc1-xInx)O2. Raman spectra further confirm distinct scattering patterns for the two end-member compositions, corroborating the findings from the synchrotron XRD analysis. Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure demonstrate that most Cr ions in the as-prepared samples are Cr6+, while Cr3+ becomes dominant after washing with water. Moreover, the source and distribution of Cr3+ and Cr6+ ions in the as-prepared and washed samples are revealed through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray excited optical luminescence techniques, which indicate that Cr6+ ions aggregate within the sample, while Cr3+ ions are evenly distributed. Photoluminescence, decay curves, and line shape analyses are implemented to resolve the electron-lattice interactions, and the corresponding mechanisms are provided to explain the asymmetry between photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the distribution of low-concentration multivalence ions in solid-state materials and offers a deeper understanding of the approaches to precisely resolve the subtle changes in the crystal structure.

The Characteristics, Uses, and Biases of Studies Related to Malignancies Using Google Trends: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The internet is a primary source of health information for patients, supplementing physician care. Google Trends (GT), a popular tool, allows the exploration of public interest in health-related phenomena. Despite the growing volume of GT studies, none have focused explicitly on oncology, creating a need for a systematic review to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically characterize studies related to oncology using GT to describe its utilities and biases. METHODS: We included all studies that used GT to analyze Google searches related to malignancies. We excluded studies written in languages other than English. The search was performed using the PubMed engine on August 1, 2022. We used the following search input: "Google trends" AND ("oncology" OR "cancer" or "malignancy" OR "tumor" OR "lymphoma" OR "multiple myeloma" OR "leukemia"). We analyzed sources of bias that included using search terms instead of topics, lack of confrontation of GT statistics with real-world data, and absence of sensitivity analysis. We performed descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 85 articles were included. The first study using GT for oncology research was published in 2013, and since then, the number of publications has increased annually. The studies were categorized as follows: 22% (19/85) were related to prophylaxis, 20% (17/85) pertained to awareness events, 11% (9/85) were celebrity-related, 13% (11/85) were related to COVID-19, and 47% (40/85) fell into other categories. The most frequently analyzed cancers were breast (n=28), prostate (n=26), lung (n=18), and colorectal cancers (n=18). We discovered that of the 85 studies, 17 (20%) acknowledged using GT topics instead of search terms, 79 (93%) disclosed all search input details necessary for replicating their results, and 34 (40%) compared GT statistics with real-world data. The most prevalent methods for analyzing the GT data were correlation analysis (55/85, 65%) and peak analysis (43/85, 51%). The authors of only 11% (9/85) of the studies performed a sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The number of studies related to oncology using GT data has increased annually. The studies included in this systematic review demonstrate a variety of concerning topics, search strategies, and statistical methodologies. The most frequently analyzed cancers were breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, skin, and cervical cancers, potentially reflecting their prevalence in the population or public interest. Although most researchers provided reproducible search inputs, only one-fifth used GT topics instead of search terms, and many studies lacked a sensitivity analysis. Scientists using GT for medical research should ensure the quality of studies by providing a transparent search strategy to reproduce results, preferring to use topics over search terms, and performing robust statistical calculations coupled with sensitivity analysis.

Uncovering the origin of radiationless losses in CuLaO2 by rationalizing the action of temperature and pressure on luminescence.

CuLaO2 is a rare-earth and dopant-free inorganic compound able to emit green light upon blue excitation. Its absorption amounts to 90% but its internal quantum efficiency is poor (<17%). The origin of this deleterious radiationless behavior is addressed by investigating the spectroscopic properties of this compound under the action of temperature and hydrostatic pressure in the 15-400 K and 1 bar-40 kbar intervals, and by combining the spectroscopic data with earlier results of DFT calculations. A two-step radiationless process is demonstrated, involving radiative re-absorption and cross-over to excitonic states.

Arterial stiffness and the non-dipping pattern in type 1 diabetes males with and without erectile dysfunction.

Arterial stiffness (AS) and non-dipping pattern are early predictors of cardiovascular diseases but are not used in clinical practice. We aimed to assess if AS and the non-dipping pattern are more prevalent in the erectile dysfunction (ED) group than in the non-ED group among subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The study group consisted of adults with T1DM. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV Ao)-a marker of increased AS, central systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were measured with a brachial oscillometric device (Arteriograph 24). Erectile dysfunction (ED) was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5. A comparison between the groups with and without ED was performed. Of 34 investigated men with T1DM, 12 (35.3%) suffered from ED. The group with ED had higher mean 24 h HR (77.7 [73.7-86.5] vs 69.9 [64.0-76.8]/min; p = 0.04, nighttime PWV Ao (8.1 [6.8-8.5] vs 6.8 [6.1-7.5] m/s; p = 0.015) and prevalence of non-dipping SBP Ao pattern (11 [91.7] vs 12 [54.5]%; p = 0.027) than individuals without ED. The presence of ED detected a central non-dipping pattern with a sensitivity of 47.8% and a specificity of 90.9%. The central non-dipping pattern was more prevalent and the nighttime PWV was higher in T1DM subjects with ED than in those without ED.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Interest of Google Queries in Cancer Screening and Cancers: A Retrospective Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer screening programs and care for individuals with malignancies. We aimed to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interest of Google users in cancers and their screenings. We collected data from Google Trends (GT) from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021 worldwide for nine topics representing cancer screening and the HPV vaccine and for 33 topics representing malignancies. We performed a secular analysis comparing the prepandemic (2015-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) period. We performed forecasting analysis on the prepandemic timeline to assess interest in the analyzed topics if the pandemic hadnot occurred.The actual interest in most of the analyzed topics was significantly lower than in the forecasted trend. Interest in 6 of the 9 topics representing cancer screening and 3 of the 33 topics representing cancer was higher during the pandemic than in the prepandemic period. The interest of Google users in cancer screenings increased in 2020-2021 compared to 2015-2019, but the growth was less dynamic than expected. The interest in many cancers during the pandemic was significantly lower than in the prepandemic period, especially during March and April 2020. The lower interest in cancers and their screenings may delay the diagnosis and worsen the long-term outcomes.

Crowdfunding campaigns for the needs of people with rheumatic diseases living in Poland: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Patients with rheumatic diseases may require costly treatment and continuous rehabilitation, which Internet collections may finance. We aimed to characterize medical crowdfunding campaigns for the needs of Polish people with rheumatic diseases. Material and methods: We utilized data from the largest medical crowdfunding platform in Poland, Siepomaga.pl. All collections in the years 2009-2017 for the needs of people with rheumatic diseases were identified. Results: Twenty-three of 2,656 collections were included (0.9%). Sixty-five and two percent of campaigns collected the financial target. The median amount of collected funds was 3,369 euros. Ten collections concerned conservative treatments (drug and/or rehabilitation), seven financed surgery, five supported the acquisition of medical equipment or its repair, and one aimed at facilitating a diagnostic consultation with a foreign specialist. Conclusions: Polish patients with rheumatic diseases collect funds via medical crowdfunding, mostly for needs not covered by public healthcare or to obtain better health services in the private sector.

The technique of stump closure has no impact on post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula in the non-small cell lung cancer-a cross-sectional study.

Background: Pneumonectomy is a high-risk radical resection procedure, with bronchopleural fistula (BPF) being its most challenging and severe complication. This study aimed to assess the surgical risk factors and the impact of the bronchial stump closure technique on the incidence of the BPF. Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study of the medical records of 455 post-pneumonectomy patients operated due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2006-2017. We analyzed the following variables and their influence on the occurrence of the BPF: operation side, surgical techniques (i.e., manual suture or the stapler), stump buttressing, the extension of pneumonectomy, comorbidities, and postoperative complications. Results: BPF occurred in 7.47% of post-pneumonectomy patients. BPF was more prevalent in right-sided pneumonectomy versus left-sided (10.98% vs. 5.32%; P=0.026). The use of a stapler or manual suture was not associated with the incidence of the BPF (7.96% vs.7.09%, P=0.72). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of BPF among bronchial stump buttressing with the parietal pleura (P=0.80), intercostal muscle flap (IMF) (P=0.46), and pericardial fat pad (P=0.88). When comparing data from 2006-2012 with those from 2013-2017, we found a steady decrease in the number of performed stump reinforcements, but this was not associated with a higher risk of BPF. Conclusions: The method used for stump closure, additional tissue buttressing of the bronchial stump and year of the surgery had no significant impact on the occurrence of BPF. Only right-sided pneumonectomy was associated with higher BPF occurrence.

Dual role of oxygen-related defects in the luminescence kinetics of AlN:Mn2.

This study presents the impact of temperature and pressure on AlN:Mn2+ luminescence kinetics. Unusual behavior of Mn2+ optical properties during UV excitation is observed, where a strong afterglow luminescence of Mn2+ occurs even at low temperatures. When the temperature increases, the contribution of the afterglow luminescence is further enhanced, causing a significant increase in the luminescence intensity. The observed phenomena may be explained by an energy diagram in which the ON-VAl complex in AlN:Mn2+ plays a key role. Hence the ON-VAl complex defect in AlN:Mn2+ plays a double role. When the ON-VAl defect is located close to Mn2+ ions, it is responsible for transferring excitation energy directly to Mn2+ ions. However, when the ON-VAl defect complex is located far from Mn2+ ions, its excited state level acts as an electron trap responsible for afterglow luminescence. Additionally, three models have been tested to explain the structure of the emission spectrum and the strong asymmetry between the excitation and emission spectra. From the most straightforward configuration coordinate diagram through the configuration coordinate diagram model assuming different elastic constants in the excited and ground-states ending by a model based on the Jahn-Teller effect. We proved that only the Jahn-Teller effect in the excited 4T1 electronic state with spin-orbit coupling could fully explain the observed phenomena. Finally, high-pressure spectroscopic results complemented by the calculations of Racah parameters and the Tanabe-Sugano diagram are presented.

Erectile Dysfunction in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Long-term Metabolic Control and Diabetic Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 38% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Skin autofluorescence (AF) reflects skin advanced glycation end product (AGE) deposits and is a marker of long-term glycemia control. Objective The study investigates the relationship between ED and diabetes control in patients with T1DM. Methods Adult patients with T1DM visiting the Diabetology Department were cross-sectionally investigated. Medical history, anthropometric features, and laboratory findings were collected. All individuals filled the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). IIEF-5 total score < 22 represented the presence of ED. AF was measured on the volar aspect of the forearm using AGE Reader. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by the estimated glucose disposal rate. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The adjusted covariates were general risk factors of ED. Results Of a total of n = 70 patients, n = 30 (42.9%) suffered from ED. The presence of ED was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin level (OR, 95% CI; 1.62, 1.02-2.60; p = 0.043), presence of at least one diabetic complication (3.49, 1.10-11.03; p = 0.03), and skin AF (9.20, 1.60-52.94; p = 0.01), but not with IR (0.78, 0.57-2.60; p = 0.12). Skin AF values ≥ 2.2 indicates presence of ED with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 77.5%. Area under the curve was equal to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.85). Conclusions The presence of ED in individuals with T1DM is associated with HbA1c, the presence of at least one diabetic complication, and skin AF.

Does needle-type increase the diagnostic yield of malignancies in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)?-a prospective comparative study.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a commonly performed minimally invasive technique for diagnosing mediastinal pathologies. Currently, many needle types are being developed to improve the accuracy of the final diagnosis. Our study aimed to assess the possible advantages and disadvantages between the 22-gauge ProCore® needle and the standard 22-gauge needles. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled a group of 363 EBUS-TBNA patients. For each patient, we used either the ProCore® needle or the standard one. We used the ProCore® needle in 51 patients and the standard needle in 312 patients. When a diagnosis could not be made, it was subsequently established with a surgical biopsy. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the biopsy for both needle types. Results: By using EBUS-TBNA, a diagnosis was established in 306 patients (84.3%). The rates of the final diagnoses in ProCore® and standard needle groups were 92.2% and 83.0% (P=0.14), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for ProCore® vs. standard needles did not differ and were 89.2% vs. 79.3%, 100.0% vs. 95.7%, 100.0% vs. 98.5%, and 77.8% vs. 57.3%, respectively. A total of 57 patients required mediastinoscopy or surgical biopsy to obtain a final pathology. However, this number was not significantly different between the needles [ProCore® (7.8%) vs. standard (17%), P=0.26]. Conclusions: Both types of needles demonstrated very high diagnostic efficiency for malignancy, and there was no significant advantage of the ProCore® over the standard needle.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Clinical Trials on Gene Therapy in Noncongenital Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross-sectional Study of Three Clinical Trial Registries.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gene therapies (GTs) may become a novel therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize all trials involving human subjects utilizing GT to treat noncongenital cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: In March 2021, we searched for clinical trials on the ClinicalTrials.gov (CT), International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number (ISRCTN) databases. Two authors screened the titles and registry notes of all the searched studies. We collected details of the included studies regarding their design, location funding source, treated conditions, completion, publication statuses, and final outcomes. RESULTS: We generated a total of 3508 records, and 50 unique clinical trials met our eligibility criteria. Of these, 20 (40%) concerned peripheral artery disease, and 18 (36%) concerned coronary artery disease. Most studies were randomized (34/50, 68%) and were performed in multiple locations (30/50, 60%), and around half of the trials compared GT with a placebo (27/50, 54%), while one in four were single-arm (14/50, 28%), and the rest concerned dose-finding (22%). More than half of the trials (29/50, 58%) were funded by industry. Of the 50 clinical trials, 28 (56%) published their results by the data collection date (March 2021), and 22 of 31 (71%) were slated to be completed before 2021. Overall, 12 of 28 (42.9%) clinical trials showed favorable outcomes of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Among noncongenital cardiovascular diseases, GTs are mostly investigated in peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease. Many clinical trials on GT use in noncongenital cardiovascular diseases did not disclose their results. Regardless of the trial phase, less than half of published studies on GT in noncongenital cardiovascular diseases showed promising results.

Crowdfunding campaigns for paediatric patients: A cross-sectional analysis of success determinants.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify factors of success in medical crowdfunding campaigns on the largest Polish platform: siepomaga.pl. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All campaigns initialised by patients in the years 2009-2017 were included. The data comprised characteristics of the collections: financial target, raised sum, aim, type of disease, Facebook shares, age category, and the exact collection period. Campaign success was defined as collecting the target sum. Emotional expression on the main photograph was analysed using the Azure Cognitive Service. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: From a total of 2,656 collections, 1,725 (65%) were successful and 42.4 million EUR were raised in total. 2,024 (76.2%) of campaigns were dedicated to children. Successful collections not only received more donations, but were also supported, on average, with larger payments. Fortunate campaigns asked for less money and ended earlier (all p < 0.001). The odds of success were increased by: at least 50 Facebook shares (OR, 95% CI: 1.75, 1.46-2.10), the receiver being a child (1.46, 1.18-1.80), aim: dream come true (1.53, 1.06-2.20) or suffering from a congenital disease (1.34, 1.08-1.67), whereas financial target of no less than 4000 EUR (0.41, 0.34-0.52), aim: rehabilitation (0.51, 0.41-0.64), psychiatric disease (0.52, 0.38-0.71), and maladies of the eye or the ear (0.56, 0.39-0.81) were associated with campaign failure. After adjustment, dominance of happiness on the main photograph decreased the odds of success (0.71, 0.59-0.86). CONCLUSION: Younger age, lower financial goal, greater exposure on Facebook, aim, disease and emotional expression were associated with success of medical crowdfunding.

The Retrospective Analysis of Google Queries Related to Cardiovascular Diseases Symptoms in the Years 2004-2019.

The Internet enables immediate access to health-related information. We aimed to rank the complaints related to cardiovascular diseases among Google users globally and locally as well as investigate secular and seasonal trends in the years 2004 to 2019. We used Google Trends (GT) to identify and analyze course over time and regional interest of seven topics: "Chest pain," "Cyanosis," "Edema," "Orthopnea," "Palpitation," "Shortness of breath," and "Syncope." We analyzed secular trends using the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and seasonal variation using time series decomposition. We calculated the interest of all topics in proportion to the relative search volume (RSV) of "Chest Pain." Globally the most popular topics were: "Edema" (proportion to RSV of "Chest pain," 1.39), "Chest pain" (1.00), and Syncope (0.71). "Chest pain" was predominately searched in n = 25 countries, while "Edema" in n = 24, "Syncope" in n = 9, and "Shortness of breath" in n = 3. The RSV of all topics increases over time and the most dynamically for "Chest pain" (4.30 RSV/year), "Shortness of breath" (3.87 RSV/year), and "Palpitations" (3.69 RSV/year). Interest in "Chest pain," "Cyanosis," "Orthopnea," "Palpitations," and "Syncope" peaks in fall and winter, while interest in "Edema" in midsummer and "Shortness of breath" in April. Google users were particularly interested in "Edema," "Chest pain," and "Syncope." The interest in cardiovascular diseases-related symptoms increases over time and presents explicable seasonal variations. The Internet plays the acquisition of health-related information; thus, professionals should create and recommend evidence-based information sources for their patients.

Mild Adverse Events of Sputnik V Vaccine in Russia: Social Media Content Analysis of Telegram via Deep Learning.

BACKGROUND: There is a limited amount of data on the safety profile of the COVID-19 vector vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V). Previous infodemiology studies showed that social media discourse could be analyzed to assess the most concerning adverse events (AE) caused by drugs. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate mild AEs of Sputnik V based on a participatory trial conducted on Telegram in the Russian language. We compared AEs extracted from Telegram with other limited databases on Sputnik V and other COVID-19 vaccines. We explored symptom co-occurrence patterns and determined how counts of administered doses, age, gender, and sequence of shots could confound the reporting of AEs. METHODS: We collected a unique dataset consisting of 11,515 self-reported Sputnik V vaccine AEs posted on the Telegram group, and we utilized natural language processing methods to extract AEs. Specifically, we performed multilabel classifications using the deep neural language model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) "DeepPavlov," which was pretrained on a Russian language corpus and applied to the Telegram messages. The resulting area under the curve score was 0.991. We chose symptom classes that represented the following AEs: fever, pain, chills, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, headache, insomnia, lymph node enlargement, erythema, pruritus, swelling, and diarrhea. RESULTS: Telegram users complained mostly about pain (5461/11,515, 47.43%), fever (5363/11,515, 46.57%), fatigue (3862/11,515, 33.54%), and headache (2855/11,515, 24.79%). Women reported more AEs than men (1.2-fold, P<.001). In addition, there were more AEs from the first dose than from the second dose (1.1-fold, P<.001), and the number of AEs decreased with age (ß=.05 per year, P<.001). The results also showed that Sputnik V AEs were more similar to other vector vaccines (132 units) than with messenger RNA vaccines (241 units) according to the average Euclidean distance between the vectors of AE frequencies. Elderly Telegram users reported significantly more (5.6-fold on average) systemic AEs than their peers, according to the results of the phase 3 clinical trials published in The Lancet. However, the AEs reported in Telegram posts were consistent (Pearson correlation r=0.94, P=.02) with those reported in the Argentinian postmarketing AE registry. CONCLUSIONS: After the Sputnik V vaccination, Russian Telegram users reported mostly pain, fever, and fatigue. The Sputnik V AE profile was comparable with other vector COVID-19 vaccines. Discussion on social media could provide meaningful information about the AE profile of novel vaccines.

Seasonal variation in lifestyle behavior in Poland: Google searches and market sales analysis.

BACKGROUND: Detection of the seasonal patterns of healthy and unhealthy behavior could be helpful for designing individual and population health interventions programs. This study investigates the seasonal variation in sales of common types of products in Poland and Polish Google queries related to healthy behavior. METHODS: Data of index sales from a large Polish retail store franchise, from January 2014 to August 2019, has been analyzed. The commercial data included twelve types of products. The interest of Google users was investigated using Google Trends statistics for the same period for six lifestyle-related topics. The seasonality was checked using time series analysis. RESULTS: Six of the consumer goods (dairy, ready-made meals, salty snacks, meats, beer, and cigarettes) were most commonly purchased in summer months, four (processed fish, food fats, wine, and alcohol 30%+) in December, and two (bread and sweets) in October. The lowest sales indexes were observed mostly in February. The interest in four topics that have been analyzed ("Diet," "Dietitian," "Weight loss," and "Gym"), was highest in January, while interest in "Dietary supplements" was high in February, and "Running" in May. The search volume of the Google topics were the lowest in December. CONCLUSION: The purchase of food, drinks, and cigarettes, and the interest in information regarding different components of a healthy lifestyle has seasonal variation. New Year and Lent might be good periods to encourage healthy behavior. The motivation may decrease in summer and during Christmas.

Association between central non-dipping pattern and platelet morphology in adults with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study.

The non-dipping pattern is nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) fall of less than 10%. Several studies showed that the non-dipping pattern, increased mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Hypertensives with the non-dipping pattern have higher MPV than the dippers but this relationship was never investigated among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the central dipping pattern and platelet morphology in T1DM subjects. We measured the central and brachial blood pressure with a validated non-invasive brachial oscillometric device-Arteriograph 24-during twenty-four-hour analysis in T1DM subjects without diagnosed hypertension. The group was divided based on the central dipping pattern for the dippers and the non-dippers. From a total of 62 subjects (32 males) aged 30.1 (25.7-37) years with T1DM duration 15.0 (9.0-20) years, 36 were non-dippers. The non-dipper group had significantly higher MPV (MPV (10.8 [10.3-11.5] vs 10.4 [10.0-10.7] fl; p = 0.041) and PDW (13.2 [11.7-14.9] vs 12.3 [11.7-12.8] fl; p = 0.029) than dipper group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that MPV (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.48-9.45; p = 0.005) and PDW (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.22-3.00; p = 0.005) were positively associated with central non-dipping pattern adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, daily insulin intake, and height. MPV and PDW are positively associated with the central non-dipping pattern among people with T1DM.